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Trees transplantation (trees planting)

Trees transplantation in landscape design is the agricultural method, which helps to move adults trees physically from one place to another to create parks, gardens, orchards in a short period. Trees transplantation is the responsible and complex process, which used by landscape designer to get the final composition quickly without waiting for the seedlings will have been grown. The process starts , as a rule, in late autumn or in winter (when temperature is above -25oC) or in early spring. These are best seasons for a better acclimation rate. 4-5-year-old trees should be transplanted either with a lump of land, or without it; 7-10-year-old ones - with a lump of 1,25 m. diameter, 10-15-year-olds - 1,5 m. It is difficult to transplant trees older than 15 years that’s why it is better to entrust this action to professionals. The height of the soil bulk should be not less than 60-80 cm. in order to keep the majority of the skeletal roots. In case of shipping in light soils or over long distances you need to cover the soil bulk with planks or covering materials using special methods of packaging. Before you plan transplantation you need to prepare the hole with a diameter of 50-60 cm greater than soil bulk. After the tree planting, the hole should be covered with fertile soil and then watered. You need to strengthen the tree with wire foil and cover the bole with moistened moss or sackcloth. Sometimes transplanted trees are trimmed. In the summer big trees need in permanent care: it is necessary to loosen, mulch, water and fight against disease and pests. Circles around the bole should be loosened and mulch with manure or peat in autumn. Bole branching and main branches tied with reeds or fir twigs. It is not so popular to transplant fruit&berry shrubs in the spring, because of the early vegetation period so would be better to do it in autumn.

Nowadays, people transplanted trees very often. Most people engaged in big tree transplantation did not even inspect the trees in detail. It is reasonable to transplant those big trees which are viable, keep decorativeness perfectly, and have a good aesthetic and ecological qualities. The condition of transplanted trees should be good (with no faint signs), satisfactory (weak a little), and only in rare cases - very weak (only if the sort is very valuable). The last category are transplanted only if there is no evidence of physiological aging, as well as signs of destruction of trees with dangerous diseases, pests, which exclude normal growth evolution or create a jeopardy for other trees around. Age of transplanting tree, primarily depends on the sort of plants and conditions of its growth. In ordinary forests such sorts of coniferous trees as pine, spruce and larch, and foliate trees (elm, oak, and linden), live over a hundred years, and if they grow in the park, then remain viable for longer period; at the same time there are many negative impact of urban environment affected on planting. At urban gardening sites there are different aging period for different sorts of trees: it is 80-90 years for the oak, chestnut, and elm trees, 70-80 years for the maple, linden, and ash, 80 years for the larch, cedar and pine - in the, 60 years for the spruce, birch, rowan-tree, alder and pears, 50 years for the apple tree, balsamic and Berlin poplars, 40-45 years for the ash-leaves maple.

Winter transplanting trees. Why do we need this?
• The part of the root system of the transplanted tree dies anyway, but the life processes in winter run slowly, it is minimal evaporation and no leaves. It looks like a hibernation and stress after the transplantation overcomes easier. If the tree is transplanted in the summer, it would be difficult to restore the lost moisture, and in winter, when moisture loss is minimal, transplantation is almost painless.
• Winter planting of trees is recommended for trees 3-20 years old, sometimes older, it depends on the tree sort.
• The older the tree, the harder to transplant it to another place.
• In case of you need to transplant middle-aged trees to another place, at a small distance you can even to dig a trench and to move it with cables.

Tips on proper selection of trees for transplantation:
• To choose big trees, which correspond to the size of your garden. Please take into account the climatic and environmental conditions, specific of landscape design and site shapes.
• Take care about standards of distance to the walls of houses, buildings, fences, and between the trunks of trees .
• It is better to transplant those trees which evaporate less moisture,like the spruce, western thuja, fir and other coniferous trees. • Please inspect the trunks, roots and branches carefully in order to see disease symptoms or signs of damage by pests.
• Just such sorts of trees as lime, various types of maples, horse chestnut, fruit plants, mountain ash, Manchurian walnut and bird cherry tree tolerate transplantation excellent at a mature age.

How to plant trees in the city:

• Green plantation in the city is one of the most important elements of city planning so they are referred to real estate objects which are not involved to market turnover.
• Trees that grow in building construction zone, and meet decorative and functional requirements, must be transplanted.
• There are 4 groups of big trees, which are classified according to their values: coniferous trees, Group 1 , very valuable deciduous trees - Group 2, valuable one – Group 3, and worthless.
• Transplanting trees is carried out in accordance with project documentation, which is endorsed with the Department of natural resources and environment of the city in the required order.
• The transplanting works should be performed by specialized planting organizations that have experience in transplantation of trees in the city conditions.
• Planting of trees is produced all year round, except July and August.
• It is permitted to transplant only healthy trees without mechanical or frost damage, which perfectly tolerate transplanting. They need careful nursing within 3-5 years after transplanting. It is inappropriate to transplant dead-crown, elongated trees, or trees with immature lopsided crown or core rot.

It is impossible to transplant trees:
• above the underground lines;
• without hardware access;
• in case of building or facilities near the tree;
• when it is impossible to form the appropriate soil bulk because of garbage as well as basement or fence nearness .

Sometimes you want to outwit the nature and to get an instant effect without waiting of when planting trees will grow. In this case you can order grown-up trees for transplantation. There is a huge choice of big trees on the domestic and foreign markets as well. To select a tree for transplantation please take into account a number of recommendations:
• Consult with a professional who has experience in this field.
• It is necessary to pay attention to the plant packaging, especially if roots entwine soil bulk. Sometimes the root system of big tree is packed in burlap and fits the iron mesh. This packaging method is cheaper, but less successful. The best way to transport the plants in a plastic container.

You better avoid to plant big tree in the garden in case of damaged soil bulk or trees with a bare root system. The plant simply could not settle down.
Sometimes you want just to move the tree to another place within your garden to clear the place for building.

Tree transplanting technology is an optimal solution for the instant landscape formation. You need to prepare a hole firstly to get a small 0.5m ditch around the bulk. At the bottom of the hole it is necessary to put gravel, stones and sand, which are needed as the local drainage. Then there is a layer of fertile soil (30-40 cm). The size of the hole depends on the size of the root system with a soil bulk.
Once the hole has been prepared, you can move tree here. Put the tree carefully to the hole, align it vertically, and then cover the bulk with soil in one third tamping soil around the tree accurately.
The next stage - the vertical alignment of tree (watch the video) with special spacers. Then water the tree - this can be done in two ways - either the classic with forming soil ledge(30 cm height, 1 m from the tree) and watering, or through a plastic tube (putting it to the small trench and covered with soil), leaving only the end of the tube for watering).

Well-known, that acclimation of tree depends on the salt balance between the tree and the soil, as well as the movement of nutrients from the soil to tree occurs due to the higher salt concentration. After transplantation the tree loses a part of root system and is under stress, so salt balance may be disturbed. How to avoid these consequences?
Firstly, the root system should be damaged as little as possible – soil bulk should be sufficient and carefully packed do not to "shake" on the road. At the same time you should distribute a good access of air and keep bulk well-moisturized.
Secondly, to ensure a good acclimation rate you should to prepare planting place carefully. The diameter of hole should be about 50-60 cm broadly then bulk.
Thirdly, watering should be abundant, regular, but not excessive. Usually - one bucket immediately after transplantation, and one bucket two or three times a week in the coming months ( - watch the video on this topic).
Fourthly, it is necessary to provide air access to the root system. To do this, the soil is loosened and mulch with sawdust or special wood granules.
Trees transplanting is one of the fastest and optimal ways of landscaping. Crown of big trees is already well formed, root system is developed – it is a good chance to transform the waste territory to the young green forest. And finally, if you can to transplant the trees instead of cutting them, do it and nature will not be in your debit.

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